SoundPool (OBSOLETO. Para API 21 o superiores es recomendable SoundPool.Builder)

SoundPool es una librería nativa de Android que permite reproducir audio desde un archivo. A continuación un ejemplo de reproducción de un sonido.

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="//schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="//schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="//schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="xip.midominio.com.sonidos.MainActivity">
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/texto"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</android.support.constraint.ConstraintLayout>

MainActivity.java

package xip.midominio.com.sonidos;
import android.media.AudioManager;
import android.media.SoundPool;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.MotionEvent;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnTouchListener;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnTouchListener{
    private SoundPool soundPool;
    private int soundID;
    boolean loaded;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        View view = findViewById(R.id.texto);
        view.setOnTouchListener(this);
        this.setVolumeControlStream(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
        soundPool = new SoundPool(10,AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC,0);
        soundPool.setOnLoadCompleteListener(new SoundPool.OnLoadCompleteListener() {
            @Override
            public void onLoadComplete(SoundPool soundPool, int i, int i1) {
                loaded = true;
            }
        });
        soundID = soundPool.load(this,R.raw.sound37,1);
    }
    public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event){
        if(event.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN){
            AudioManager audioManager = (AudioManager)getSystemService(AUDIO_SERVICE);
            float volumenActual = (float) audioManager.getStreamVolume(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
            float volumenMax = (float) audioManager.getStreamMaxVolume(audioManager.STREAM_MUSIC);
            float volumen = volumenActual / volumenMax;
            if(loaded){
                soundPool.play(soundID,volumen,volumen,1,0,1f);
                Log.e("test","reproduce sonido");
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
}

MediaPlayer

Esta librería permite reproducir sonido y vídeo.

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="//schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    >
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/texto"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!"
        />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/boton"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Play"/>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/boton2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Stop"/>
</LinearLayout>

MainActivity.java

package xip.midominio.com.mediplayer;
import android.media.MediaPlayer;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener{
    Button boton,boton2;
    TextView texto;
    public MediaPlayer mp;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        texto = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.texto);
        boton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.boton);
        boton2 = (Button) findViewById(R.id.boton2);
        boton.setOnClickListener(this);
        boton2.setOnClickListener(this);
    }
    public void onClick(View view){
        switch(view.getId()){
            case R.id.boton:
                play_mp();
                break;
            case R.id.boton2:
                stop_mp();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
    public void play_mp(){
        mp = MediaPlayer.create(this,R.raw.sound37);
        mp.start();
    }
    public void stop_mp(){
        mp.stop();
    }
}